The Federal style of house emerged in the United States during the late 18th century and remained popular until the mid-19th century. It was influenced by the neoclassical architecture of Europe, particularly the Adam style in England and the Louis XVI style in France. The name “Federal” comes from the era in which it emerged, during the early years of the United States as a federal republic.

The Federal style was a departure from the ornate and elaborate Georgian and Rococo styles that preceded it. It emphasized simplicity, symmetry, and classical influences, with a focus on creating a sense of order and balance. Federal-style houses often had a rectangular shape with a central entrance and evenly spaced windows on either side. The roofs were typically flat or low-pitched, with dormer windows for additional light.

Classical elements were prominent in Federal-style houses, including columns, pilasters, pediments, and fanlights. The use of these elements helped create a sense of elegance and refinement. The exteriors of Federal-style houses were typically made of brick or stone, and the interiors featured high ceilings, ornate moldings, and elaborate woodwork.

The Federal style was particularly popular in the northeastern United States, where it was used for public buildings, such as government buildings and banks, as well as private residences. Notable examples of Federal-style architecture include the White House in Washington, D.C., and the Massachusetts State House in Boston. The style continued to evolve throughout the 19th century, eventually giving way to the Victorian and Gothic Revival styles. However, its influence can still be seen in many buildings throughout the United States.

A classic example of the Federal style is the Rundlet-May House in Portsmouth, NH Built for a wealthy textile merchant, James Rundlet, in 1807. Open to visitors June-October. Located on Middle Street. It was given to Historic New England by Ralph May, a descendant of Rundlet.